integration reinforcement of renewable energy resources and phevs through hybrid ac-dc local network

the share of dc-based renewable energy resources (rers) and electricity storage systems are increasing due to developments of smart grid technologies. moreover, the share of dc-based load has rapid growth due to significant developments of power electronic technologies. therefore, a more flexible power system is required for efficient integration of emerging loads and generators. in this paper, hybrid ac-dc local network (ln) is incorporated as an appropriate topology versus conventional ac ln to reinforce the integration of rers and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (phevs). a mixed integer linear model is developed for operation of both hybrid ac-dc ln and conventional ac ln topologies considering high penetration of rers and phevs. this operation model is solved by gams optimization software to minimize the operation cost and find the optimum inter-resource scheduling in the day-ahead market. moreover, investment analysis and reliability assessment are carried out for the mentioned lns. numerical study is conducted to evaluate the ability of both topologies for better utilizing the opportunities of integration